Introduction to Arduino

F4 ~ F6 ECA

2024-2025

Floor 4 - Physic Lab

Mr Kevin, Mr. Peter

Outline

Outline

Arduino Exercises

1

Arduino Structure

Arduino Programming Blocks

void setup() {

}

void loop() {

}

Arduino Programming Blocks

pinMode( pin, mode )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. INPUT                                                                           
  2. OUTPUT
  3. INPUT_PULLUP

 

digitalWrite( pin, signal )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. HIGH or 1                                                                      
  2. LOW or 0

 

delay( milliseconds )

Delay Milliseconds

  1. One thousandth of a second

  2. Input parameter 1000 represents a delay of one second

Arduino Programming Blocks

pinMode( pin, mode )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. INPUT                                                                           
  2. OUTPUT
  3. INPUT_PULLUP

 

digitalWrite( pin, signal )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. HIGH or 1                                                                      
  2. LOW or 0

 

delay( milliseconds )

Delay Milliseconds

  1. One thousandth of a second

  2. Input parameter 1000 represents a delay of one second

Arduino Programming Blocks

pinMode( pin, mode )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. INPUT                                                                           
  2. OUTPUT
  3. INPUT_PULLUP

 

digitalWrite( pin, signal )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. HIGH or 1                                                                      
  2. LOW or 0

 

delay( milliseconds )

Delay Milliseconds

  1. One thousandth of a second

  2. Input parameter 1000 represents a delay of one second

Arduino - white board

Button Control

digitalRead( pin )

Pin Number

  1.  0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2.  On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3.  LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin).                                           
bool ledState = false;

The code above shows how to define a true or false variable in Arduino

delay( milliseconds )

To prevent the code within the `loop()` function from repeatedly executing while a button is held down, a `delay()` function can be implemented after the button press is detected.

Button Control

digitalRead( pin )

Pin Number

  1.  0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2.  On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3.  LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin).                                           
bool ledState = false;

The code above shows how to define a true or false variable in Arduino

delay( milliseconds )

To prevent the code within the `loop()` function from repeatedly executing while a button is held down, a `delay()` function can be implemented after the button press is detected.

Ex01 - Multiple LEDs with Single Button Cycle

Goal: Pressing the button cycles through 3 LEDs one by one.

  • Use a counter variable that increments on button press.

  • Reset to 0 after reaching 3.

Ex01 - Multiple LEDs with Single Button Cycle

Goal: Pressing the button cycles through 3 LEDs one by one.

  • Use a counter variable that increments on button press.

  • Reset to 0 after reaching 3.

Ex02 - Multiple LEDs with Single Button

Updated description to reflect the new “ping-pong” sketch

  • Goal: The three LEDs run automatically in a back-and-forth sweep (LED 1 → LED 2 → LED 3 → LED 2 → LED 1 → …), and every button press halves the delay, making the sweep faster.

  • State variables:

    • ledIndex holds the currently lit LED.

    • direction is +1 or –1 and determines whether the next step moves forward or backward.

  • Edge handling: When ledIndex reaches either end (0 or numLEDs − 1), flip direction so the sweep reverses direction on the next step.

Ex02 - Multiple LEDs with Single Button

Updated description to reflect the new “ping-pong” sketch

  • Goal: The three LEDs run automatically in a back-and-forth sweep (LED 1 → LED 2 → LED 3 → LED 2 → LED 1 → …), and every button press halves the delay, making the sweep faster.

  • State variables:

    • ledIndex holds the currently lit LED.

    • direction is +1 or –1 and determines whether the next step moves forward or backward.

  • Edge handling: When ledIndex reaches either end (0 or numLEDs − 1), flip direction so the sweep reverses direction on the next step.