Introduction to Arduino

F4 ~ F6 ECA

2024-2025

Floor 4 - Physic Lab

Mr Kevin, Mr. Peter

Outline

Outline

Arduino Exercises

1

Arduino Structure

Arduino Programming Blocks

void setup() {

}

void loop() {

}

Arduino Programming Blocks

pinMode( pin, mode )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. INPUT                                                                           
  2. OUTPUT
  3. INPUT_PULLUP

 

digitalWrite( pin, signal )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. HIGH or 1                                                                      
  2. LOW or 0

 

delay( milliseconds )

Delay Milliseconds

  1. One thousandth of a second

  2. Input parameter 1000 represents a delay of one second

Arduino Programming Blocks

pinMode( pin, mode )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. INPUT                                                                           
  2. OUTPUT
  3. INPUT_PULLUP

 

digitalWrite( pin, signal )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. HIGH or 1                                                                      
  2. LOW or 0

 

delay( milliseconds )

Delay Milliseconds

  1. One thousandth of a second

  2. Input parameter 1000 represents a delay of one second

Arduino Programming Blocks

pinMode( pin, mode )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. INPUT                                                                           
  2. OUTPUT
  3. INPUT_PULLUP

 

digitalWrite( pin, signal )

Pin Number

  1. 0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2. On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3. LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin)

Mode

  1. HIGH or 1                                                                      
  2. LOW or 0

 

delay( milliseconds )

Delay Milliseconds

  1. One thousandth of a second

  2. Input parameter 1000 represents a delay of one second

Arduino - white board

Button Control

digitalRead( pin )

Pin Number

  1.  0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2.  On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3.  LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin).                                           
bool ledState = false;

The code above shows how to define a true or false variable in Arduino

delay( milliseconds )

To prevent the code within the `loop()` function from repeatedly executing while a button is held down, a `delay()` function can be implemented after the button press is detected.

Button Control

digitalRead( pin )

Pin Number

  1.  0 ~ 19 (14 ~ 19 can be represented as A0 ~ A5)
  2.  On Arduino, the pin “~” indicates an analog signal
  3.  LED_BUILTIN (Built-in LED Pin).                                           
bool ledState = false;

The code above shows how to define a true or false variable in Arduino

delay( milliseconds )

To prevent the code within the `loop()` function from repeatedly executing while a button is held down, a `delay()` function can be implemented after the button press is detected.

Ex01 - Gradual LED Fade with Button Control using PWM

  • Controls an LED on pin 5 using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).

  • A pushbutton connected to pin 2 is used as input.

  • When the button is pressed, the LED gradually brightens.

  • When the button is released, the LED dims down smoothly.

  • Demonstrates:

    • Reading digital input with a pull-up resistor.

    • Controlling LED brightness using analogWrite().

    • Creating smooth transitions with incremental changes and delays.

  • Useful for learning basic input/output and analog effects using digital signals.

Ex01 - Gradual LED Fade with Button Control using PWM

  • Controls an LED on pin 5 using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).

  • A pushbutton connected to pin 2 is used as input.

  • When the button is pressed, the LED gradually brightens.

  • When the button is released, the LED dims down smoothly.

  • Demonstrates:

    • Reading digital input with a pull-up resistor.

    • Controlling LED brightness using analogWrite().

    • Creating smooth transitions with incremental changes and delays.

  • Useful for learning basic input/output and analog effects using digital signals.

Ex02 - Double Press Magic Light

  • Press the button two times quickly (like a double click).

  • If you press fast enough:

    • The LED turns ON for 2 seconds.

    • Then it turns OFF automatically.

  • Learn how to:

    • Use a button to control an LED.

    • Detect a double press using simple timing.

    • Use delay() and millis() for time control.

Ex02 - Double Press Magic Light

  • Press the button two times quickly (like a double click).

  • If you press fast enough:

    • The LED turns ON for 2 seconds.

    • Then it turns OFF automatically.

  • Learn how to:

    • Use a button to control an LED.

    • Detect a double press using simple timing.

    • Use delay() and millis() for time control.

Ex03 - Recording and Replaying Button-Driven LED Patterns

  • Use Button A to control an LED:

    • Press and hold to turn the LED on

    • Release to turn it off

    • Each on/off transition and its timing is recorded

  • Use Button B to replay the recorded LED pattern:

    • The LED turns on and off with the same timing as recorded

  • Demonstrates:

    • Reading digital inputs

    • Detecting input transitions (press/release)

    • Storing time-based events

    • Reproducing time-accurate output behavior

  • Useful for understanding:

    • Event-driven programming

    • Timing with millis()

    • Input debouncing and real-time feedback

Ex03 - Recording and Replaying Button-Driven LED Patterns

  • Use Button A to control an LED:

    • Press and hold to turn the LED on

    • Release to turn it off

    • Each on/off transition and its timing is recorded

  • Use Button B to replay the recorded LED pattern:

    • The LED turns on and off with the same timing as recorded

  • Demonstrates:

    • Reading digital inputs

    • Detecting input transitions (press/release)

    • Storing time-based events

    • Reproducing time-accurate output behavior

  • Useful for understanding:

    • Event-driven programming

    • Timing with millis()

    • Input debouncing and real-time feedback